AICLE EN TECNOLOGÍAS

 

Esta unidad didáctica se llama “Los materiales” y está diseñado para los alumnos de tecnología de 2º de la ESO.

Creo que las sesiones se podrían desarrollar de la siguiente manera:

S1-Clasificación. En esta sesión vamos a dar la clasificación de los materiales, y podemos trabajarlo con el primer ejercicio propuesto como andamiaje de recepción.

S2-Propiedades: Se verán las propiedades de la madera y se reforzará con el ejercicio uno del andamiaje de producción

S3-Obtención de la madera: se estudiarán las características y obtención de la madera, para ello haremos el ejercicio dos del andamiaje de recepción.

S4-Tipos de madera, madera prefabricada, que se verá con el ejercicio 2 de andamiaje de recepción.

S5-Herramientas y máquinas: se verá el vocabulario, se trabajará con él haciendo diversas actividades en oral, intentando explicar cada herramienta en inglés, sin decir el significado. Después se hará el ejercicio interactivo.

Creo que con esta unidad, podemos trabajar la motivación de los alumnos, ya que podemos hacer algún proyecto en el taller, utilizando los diferentes tipos de madera que hay y las diferentes herramientas, algo excepcional para aprender el vocabulario, ya que el uso en activo del vocabulario es la mejor manera de aprender.

Creo que las actividades propuestas, son objetivos reales para alcanzar por los alumnos, algo importante para el alumno, poner retos asequibles. Con ellas se fomenta el trabajo individual y cooperativo.

Por último creo que se consigue una retroalimentación eficaz con los diferentes ejercicios.

DISEÑO DE LA UNIDAD DIDÁCTICA

Learning outcomes / Evaluation criteria:

1.Classify raw materials according to their source.
2-Know where different materials come from.
3.Know about wood derivatives and their commercial use.
4.Know the general properties of materials.
5.Know and use correctly the basic techniques of machining, inishing and joining wood, whilst respecting the safety rules, to make simple objects and follow the project methodology.
6.Know the benefits of recycling.
7.Value the importance of materials in technological development and the  environmental impact.

Subject Content

1.Raw materials, materials and manufactured products.
2.Classificaction of raw materials according to their source.
3.Prperties of materials.
4.Wood: composition, properties, classification, wood derivates, processes for
obtaining wood, tools and machines.

Language Content / Communication Vocabulary

Nouns: wood, metal, plastic, textiles, ceramic, stona, resources, raw materials, materials, manufactured products, source,manufacturing, recycling, development, environmental impact, properties, wood derivates, woodwork

Adj: physical, chemical, ecological,,

Verb: acquire, manufacture,

Structures

-present simple: we make goods with these materials.
-present.simple passive: What materials are derived from wood?
-past participle used as an adjetive: manufactured materials.
-zero condictional: if you hit a metal object with a hammer, it does not break
-comparatives.: wood is less dense than water.
-linkers and sequencers: after, before.
-infinitive of purpose: to protect and decorate the wood surface, we add a
finish.
-modal verbs: The surface you want to paint or vanish should be smooth.

Discourse type

Narrative.

Language skills

Reading, listening and speaking.

Contextual (cultural) element

To identify some materials and recognize different kind of wood and their
characteristics.

Cognitive (thinking) processes

In the end of the unit student should be able to:

• understand simple instructions in English, both oral and written, for the proposed activities.
• Read and spell the most common words.
• Compare their activities with another ones.

Tasks

• Students will be able to recognize raw materials, materials and manufactured products.
• They will be able to identify yhe different types of wood in the most common technical uses.
• They will be able to analyse the propertis of wood anf prefabricated wood.

Activities

• Identify three raw materials and indicate two manufactured products obtained from this.
• Drawing tools for working with wood and put under the name.
• Copy the process of obtaining wood, then explain it to the rest of the class.
• In pairs, make a muaral with the different types of wood, properties, put some pictures.

Resources / Materials

http://tecnologiafuentenueva.wikispaces.com/file/view/Vocabulario+T%C3%A9cnico+Tema+2+Los+Materiales+y+la+Madera+09_10.pdf
http://www.petervaldivia.com/materials-and-components/
Libro de tecnologías Oxford.
Notes and photocopies

Key Competences

• Competence in linguistic communication
• Competence in knowledge and interaction with thr physical world.
• Data processing and digital competence.
• Learning to learn.

Evaluation (criteria and instruments)

The evaluaction instruments are:

• Systematic observation of student
• Student work
• Written tests

The evaluation criteria are:

• Differentiate the concepts of raw materials, materials and manufactured products.
• Know where different materials come from and their uses in manufacturing
• Know the basic properties of wood as a technical materials
• Identify the different types of natural wood and prefabricated wood.

MATERIALS AND WOOD

Choosing the correct material for any particular task is essential for a manufacturing activity. Materials are divided into:

• Raw materials ( natural and artificial ) and processed materials ( artificial materials ).
• Natural materials such as wood or stone exist in nature and we use them as they are. Example of these materials are wood, stone, sand, wool, etc.
• Natural resources are split into 3 categories: Animal,Vegetable and Mineral.

Wood:
Divided into two major classifications:
Hardwoods and Softwoods
There is great confusion about the terms hardwood and softwood. These terms do not refer to its technical properties but its origin. In this way, there are softwood trees which have hard wood and viceversa.Most Softwood trees have spiky leaves with branches forming rings
Hardwood Trees have broad, flat leaves. Branches usually grow at different levels and never more than two at the same level.
Wood is an organic material. In a living tree it transfers water and nutrients to the leaves. It has a support function, enabling trees to reach large sizes or to stand up for themselves.
We also call materials engineered made from wood ‘wood’ , such as wood chips.

People have used wood for many purposes such as: Fuel, Construction material for making houses, Weapons, paper, furniture, tools, etc.
In a tree trunk (image at the top), not all the parts offer the same quality wood.
The best part are the sapwood and the heartwood. The wood at the center of the trunk is called heartwood and it is older, darker and more durable than the surrouding wood.
As a tree grows, a thin layer of cells called the cambium generates new wood, called sapwood
Sapwood is softer and lighter in color than heartwood. As the sapwood ages, natural substances invade the sapwood and gradually convert it to heartwood.
Furniture made of hearwood will last longer than furniture made of Cambium wood.
Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology.
But dendrochronology is very useful to know about the year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and gives clues to the climate at that time. Click on dendrochronology.
Artificial wood planks: It can be defined as wood products manufactured by glueing together wood
particles (wood chips) or fibres.

PREFABRICATED WOOD

Plywood is a type of composite wood made from thin sheets of wood.
Alternative layers are glued together so they have their grain at right angles to each other for greater strength

Fiberboard
Fibre boards is made of a mixture of glue and wood fibers.
It much cheaper than natural wood because it is made from wood chips.
Fibre board is heavily used in the furniture industry. For pieces that will be visible, a layer of wood is often glued onto fiberboard to give it the appearance of conventional wood (see image above).

VOCABULARY

adhesive tape (adjísiv téip) - cinta adhesiva
anvil (ánvil) - yunque
awl (óul) - punzón
bolt (bóult) - bulón
brace (bréis) - taladro de mano
chain saw (chéin só) - motosierra
chisel (chísl) - cincel, formón
drill bit (dríl bit) - mecha del taladro
electric drill (iléktrik dríl) - taladro eléctrico
extension cord (exténshon kord) - cable prolongador
file (fáil) - lima
folding ruler (fóulding rúler) - metro plegable
gadget (gádchet) - aparato
glue (glúu) - pegamento
hammer (hámer) - martillo
mallet (málet) - mazo
masking tape (másking téip) - cinta protectora
monkey wrench (mónki rénch) - llave inglesa ajustable
nail (néil) - clavo
nail puller (néil púler) - sacaclavos
nut (nát) - tuerca
paint (péint) - pintura
paint brush (péint-brásh) - brocha
peg (peg) - clavija
plane (pléin) - cepillo
pliers (pláiers) - tenazas, pinzas
rag (rag) - trapo
rake (réik) - rastrillo
ruler (rúler) - regla
sandpaper (sándpeiper) - papel de lijar
saw (só) - serrucho
scissors (síisors) - tijeras
scraper (skréiper) - raspador
screw (skrú) - tornillo
screwdriver (skrúdráiver) - destornillador
shears (shíars) - tijeras de podar
shovel (shóvel) - pala
solder (sóulder) - soldador
square (skuéer) - escuadra
tack (ták) - tachuela
tape measure (téip mésher) - cinta métrica
tool box (túul box) - caja de herramientas
tools (túuls) - herramientas
vise (váis) - torno de banco
washer (uósher) - arandela
wire (wáier) - cable
workbench (wórkbench) - mesa de trabajo
workshop (wórkshop) - taller
wrench (rénch) - llave inglesa

Ejercicio interactivo:
http://en.educaplay.com/en/learningresources/1894974/materials.htm

Andamiaje de recepción:

1-Read the text about wood and complete a table with the characteristics of softwoods and hardwoods and possible uses of each.

2-Search in inthernet a photo of each of the prefabricated wood and put its
name.

Andamiaje de producción:

1-Search in inthernet and in your notes wood properties ,then choose in pairs
what kind of wood is the correct for:
furniture
doors
posts
packing

2-Finally explain to the rest of the class your choice

Con estos ejercicios tambień se consigue el andamiaje de la L2, ya que vamos adquiriendo vocabulario nuevo, lo relacionamos con fotos, lo usamos en ejercicios. Posteriormente, usamos las estructuras estudiadas y el vocabulario tanto oral como escrito, afianzándolo primero en pareja y luego con el gran grupo.

Didactic Unit Template Google drive URL:

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0ByjRzo5ZgqmCRUlneFBpZk95eGc/edit


CRISTINA MARTÍN ROMO-CAPILLA