Another view of Prehistory in Spain

 

TITLE OF THE UNIT: "Prehistory and Old Age"

 

       Image of animals from a Spanish cave at the prehistoric age.

 

INTRODUCTION:

My didactic unit is contextualized about the History of Spain and is aimed at students of 2nd year of Bachillerato. It will take place at the beginning of the first trimester of the school year. Its timing will be approximately between two weeks and a half and three weeks (about 8 or 9 sessions). Fundamentally, the objectives will consist of recognizing the main characteristics of the stages of prehistory and the early history of Spain and understanding the importance of finding fossils in the Iberian Peninsula, since they allow the study and the putting in value for the reconstruction of the process of humanization not only in Spain, but also in Europe. In addition, it is also important to take into account the different processes of historic colonization of Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians, as well as the Romanization process and the historical and cultural legacy left by the Romans throughout the Iberian Peninsula.

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE UNIT:

·         Prehistory and the Ancient Age - Process of hominization - Pre-Roman peoples - Conquest and romanization - The Visigoth kingdom

·         Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula • Prehistory is the historical period that goes from the appearance of man about 1 million years ago and the appearance of writing (aprox. 10th century BC)

·         Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula • Hominization is the process of biological and cultural transformations of certain hominids that made possible the evolution of the human species to the current Homo Sapiens

·         Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula • The process of hominization took place during the prehistoric stage known as Paleolithic (old stone), which is subdivided into three periods: - Lower Paleolithic (1,000,000 BC - 100,000 BC) - Middle Paleolithic (100,000 BC) - 35,000 BC) - Upper Palaeolithic (35,000 BC - 8,000 BC)

·         Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula • Lower Paleolithic - Homo antecessor and Homo erectus appear. There are also more modern ones such as Homo heidelbergensis and Homo antecessor

·         Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula • Lower Palaeolithic - They make and use stone instruments (flakes and bifaces - They are hunter-gatherers - They know the fire - They are nomads - Sites: Atapuerca

·         Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula • Middle Paleolithic - Inhabited by Homo neanderthalensis Neanderthal recreation with current clothes

·         Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula • Middle Paleolithic - They make and use more diverse stone instruments. Techniques of each advanced - Brain development similar to that of the current man - They create camps and take refuge in caves due to the cold of the last great glaciation - Sites: Morín (Cantabria), Gibraltar and Banyoles

·         Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula • Upper Paleolithic - Inhabited by Homo sapiens or Cromagnon Man (arrived from Africa about 40,000 BC) - Increase in population - Improvement of stone tools, adding bone (spears and harpoons) - Artistic creation - Sites: Altamira, Tito Bustillo Cave and the Spanish Levante

·         Pre-Roman peoples

·         Geographical importance of the Peninsula • The geographical situation has been fundamental for the History of Spain - Place of crossroads and passage of peoples - Atlantic, Mediterranean, European and African interests

·         Ancient History of the Iberian Peninsula • Tartessos, during the seventh century BC. Great metal trade

·         Ancient History of the Iberian Peninsula • Iberians (Turdetans, Laietans, Edetans and others). Maximum level in the 5th to 3rd century BC. Common language, and high artistic and artisan production

·         Ancient History of the Iberian Peninsula • Celts and Celtiberians (Vacceans, Galicians, Lusitanians and others). Poor agrarian economy and iron metallurgy. They were grouped in castros (fortified towns) or cities like Numancia

·         Ancient History of the Iberian Peninsula • Phoenicians. They arrive in the first millennium. Dedicated to trade, creating the first cities in the Peninsula: Gadir (Cádiz) and Málaca (Málaga).

·          Ancient History of the Iberian Peninsula • Greeks. They influenced the art, language and industry of the vine and the olive tree of the Iberians. The main colony was Emporion (Ampurias)

·         Ancient History of the Iberian Peninsula • Carthaginians. They arrived in the third century BC with commercial interests. People inheriting of the Phoenician colonizations by the Mediterranean. Cartago Nova (Cartagena) will be its main enclave.

·         Conquest and romanization

·         Romanization of the Iberian Peninsula • The arrival of the Romans to the Iberian Peninsula will be motivated by the confrontation of these with Carthage and the expansionism of the Roman Republic

·         Hispania Visigoth • The Visigoths will arrive as a federated town in Rome to defeat the invaders Suevi, Vandals and Alans

During the sessions, different motivational and introductory activities will be carried out before the beginning of the unit in order to refresh their knowledge, since they have seen enough content throughout the stages of Primary, Secondary and Bachillerato ... We can also introduce the "brainstorm" with definitions and concepts such as caves, hominids, discovery of fire, dinosaurs or mammoths, Atapuerca mountain range, etc ... to contextualize everything that we are going to discuss later in the classroom and even outside it, because some of the proposals that can be carried out is the visit to a nearby prehistoric burial, since there are many traces that are in the area.

In addition, we will carry out some video presentation with some small "quizz" included  (https://edpuzzle.com/media/5ad8aaff267ae540ffeaf73a).

We will also use different material resources such as photographs, visual books, internet texts, television programs and documentaries (some of the most important caves of the world https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6I1ZyJjqrs)

Enlace Google Drive: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FEFxGYOKP4QSyCCge6h33eHNLUjo5l4zot74ae0egi0/edit

https://drive.google.com/drive/my-drive

                                                                    Luis Clemente González